Col7a1 knockout (KO) mice, constructed by using gene editing technology to knock out the homologous gene Col7a1 of human COL7A1 in mice, serve as a research model for Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa (DEB). Homozygous Col7a1 KO mice lack the expression of the Col7a1 gene and COL7A1 protein, and exhibit symptoms of skin redness and blistering on the palms of the fore and hind paws on the first day after birth, and die within three days after birth. Histological examination results show that the skin of Col7a1 KO mice exhibits significant subcutaneous edema, and there is a separation between the epidermis and dermis, which is roughly the same as the pathogenesis and pathological characteristics of human Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa (DEB) in the clinic. Therefore, Col7a1 KO mice can be used for the mechanistic study of Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa (DEB), as well as the development, screening, and evaluation of therapeutic drugs.