SPTSSA, encoding the small subunit A of serine palmitoyltransferase, is crucial for sphingolipid synthesis. Sphingolipids are vital components in mammalian nervous system myelin membranes, involved in various biological processes like cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and stress responses. Serine palmitoyltransferase catalyzes the rate-limiting reaction of sphingolipid synthesis, and SPTSSA participates in acyl-CoA coordination, stimulating the enzyme's activity and regulating substrate selectivity [3,4].

In terms of disease-related findings, pathogenic variants in SPTSSA in three children caused a complex form of hereditary spastic paraplegia. These variants impaired the negative regulation of serine palmitoyltransferase by ORMDLs, leading to excessive sphingolipid synthesis, which was responsible for defects in early brain development and function [1]. In glioblastoma, SPTSSA expression was significantly upregulated in diffuse glioma compared to normal tissues, associated with poor survival, and was related to tumor-infiltrating immune cells and oxidative stress [2].

In conclusion, SPTSSA plays an essential role in sphingolipid synthesis, and its dysregulation is associated with diseases such as hereditary spastic paraplegia and glioblastoma. Studies on SPTSSA contribute to understanding the mechanisms of these diseases and may provide potential therapeutic targets.