PRKAB2, also known as protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 2, is a gene encoding one of the subunits of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) complex. AMPK is a key enzyme in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism [4]. It is involved in multiple biological processes, and its dysregulation may be associated with various diseases.

In a study on congenital heart defects, one deletion at PRKAB2 was found in two tetralogy of Fallot patients, indicating a possible association between PRKAB2 copy number variations and this disease, while no such mutations were found in ventricular septal defect patients [2]. In pediatric adrenocortical tumors (ACTs), lower PRKAB2 expression was associated with relapse, death, metastasis, and lower survival rates, suggesting it as a potential prognostic marker [3]. Also, in podocytes under high-glucose conditions, miR-29b alleviates inflammation and apoptosis by down-regulating PRKAB2, providing potential treatment targets for diabetic nephropathy [1].

In conclusion, PRKAB2, as a subunit of the AMPK complex, plays a role in important metabolic regulatory pathways. Studies on its copy number variations and expression levels in congenital heart defects, pediatric adrenocortical tumors, and diabetic nephropathy-related podocyte injury have revealed its potential significance in these disease areas, contributing to a better understanding of disease mechanisms and potential treatment strategies.