Abca1, also known as ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, is a key membrane transporter. It mediates the cellular efflux of phospholipids and cholesterol to lipid-poor apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), playing a significant role in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) [3,4,5]. This process is crucial for cholesterol homeostasis in the body and is involved in various biological processes, such as preventing lipid accumulation in cells [3,6].

In a type 2 diabetic mouse model with ABCA1 deficiency in glomerular endothelial cells (DM-ABCA1-/-mice), ABCA1 deficiency exacerbated renal lipid deposition and kidney injuries, including increased creatinine levels, severe proteinuria, mesangial matrix expansion, foot-process fusion, and more pronounced renal inflammatory injury and cell death [1]. In atherosclerotic research, ABCA1 promotes efferocytosis, the clearance of apoptotic cells by phagocytes, which is important in suppressing atherosclerosis. ABCA1 promotes efferocytosis by regulating the release and expression of relevant ligands [2].

In conclusion, Abca1 is essential for cholesterol efflux and homeostasis, playing a significant role in diseases like diabetic kidney disease and atherosclerosis. Studies using gene-knockout (KO) or conditional-knockout (CKO) mouse models, such as the DM-ABCA1-/-mice, have revealed its role in specific disease-related biological processes, providing insights into potential therapeutic targets for these diseases.