Adra2a, encoding the α2A-adrenergic receptor, is a G-protein-coupled receptor. It is involved in various physiological processes by regulating the sympathetic nervous system and neurotransmitter release. It participates in signaling pathways related to catecholamine-induced responses and is of great biological importance in maintaining normal physiological functions [3,4]. Genetic models, such as knockout mouse models, have been valuable in studying its function.

In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), reduced Adra2a expression is associated with more aggressive features like lymph node metastasis, higher pathological grade, and advanced disease stage. In vitro, Adra2a transgene expression and its agonist inhibit PDAC cell invasion, suggesting it may suppress the basal-like/squamous subtype [1,6].

In the context of colitis, Enterococcus-derived tyramine acts as a ligand for Adra2a in intestinal stem cells, suppressing their proliferation and exacerbating colitis. Blocking this axis with an antagonist alleviates colitis [2].

In the study of glucose regulation, sympathetic nerves use Adra2a in enteroendocrine L cells to repress glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) release, affecting blood glucose levels and brain glucose utilization. Intestinal deletion of Adra2a leads to increased GLP-1 secretion, lower blood glucose, and improved cognitive function [5].

In conclusion, Adra2a plays crucial roles in multiple biological processes. Its functions are revealed through model-based research, especially knockout mouse models. In diseases like PDAC, colitis, and glucose-related disorders, these models help clarify Adra2a's role, providing potential targets for diagnosis, treatment, and understanding disease mechanisms.