Gla, also known as gamma-carboxyglutamic acid, is an amino acid residue that is crucial for the function of many proteins, especially those that are vitamin K-dependent [2,3]. These Gla-containing proteins play significant roles in regulating pathological vascular calcification, with their functions strongly relying on vitamin K [2]. They are involved in various biological processes such as angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and the body's response to inflammation [1,2,4].

In a zebrafish gla -/- mutant model of Fabry disease, proteomic analysis revealed downregulation of lysosome and mitochondrial-related proteins in renal tissues, along with disturbed energy-related pathways [5]. Abnormal mitochondrial shape, disrupted cristae morphology, and lower antioxidant activity were also observed, suggesting novel Gb3-independent pathogenic mechanisms in Fabry disease [5].

In conclusion, Gla-containing proteins have diverse functions in regulating physiological and pathological processes. The zebrafish gla -/- mutant model has been valuable in uncovering Gb3-independent mechanisms in Fabry disease, potentially leading to new therapeutic interventions for this disorder [5].