Cftr, short for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, is a crucial protein-encoding gene. It plays a key role in ion exchange, facilitating the proper function of fluidizing respiratory secretions. The protein it encodes is involved in maintaining the balance of chloride and other ions across cell membranes, which is essential for normal cellular functions and is associated with pathways related to mucus production and clearance in the body [1].

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease closely related to Cftr. Until the advent of CFTR modulators, treatments mainly focused on symptom-management such as secretion drainage and controlling infections. However, these modulators can improve the production of the defective CFTR protein and increase its cell-surface expression, thus enhancing ion exchange, reducing airflow obstruction, and potentially changing the disease paradigm [1]. There are also various research lines aiming at correcting the genetic defect causing cystic fibrosis [1]. Additionally, real-world registry studies on CFTR modulators, though limited to ivacaftor to date, are seeking to understand their impact on life expectancy, while indirect evidence can be obtained by looking at mortality-related outcomes [2].

In conclusion, Cftr is essential for normal ion exchange and mucus-related functions in the body. Dysfunction of Cftr is closely associated with cystic fibrosis. The study of Cftr, especially through the development and use of CFTR modulators, has significantly advanced our understanding of cystic fibrosis and offers new treatment strategies for this genetic disease.