COL3A1, encoding the alpha 1 chain of type III collagen, is crucial for extracellular matrix formation. Type III collagen, synthesized as pre-procollagen, is a major structural component in hollow organs like large blood vessels, uterus, and bowel. It also interacts with platelets in blood clotting and signals in wound healing [1].

Inactivation of the murine Col3a1 gene leads to a shorter lifespan in homozygous mutant mice. These mice die prematurely from major artery rupture, mimicking the human vascular type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS) phenotype. Mutations in the COL3A1 gene cause vEDS, the most severe form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, where patients often experience sudden death due to large artery rupture [1].

In conclusion, COL3A1 is essential for maintaining the structure and function of tissues with high type III collagen requirements. The study of Col3a1 knockout mouse models has been instrumental in understanding the pathogenesis of vEDS, highlighting the gene's critical role in preventing arterial rupture and maintaining tissue integrity in related disease conditions.