Drd1, encoding the dopamine D1 receptor, is a crucial component of the dopaminergic system. Dopamine receptors, including D1-and D2-like receptors, are significant therapeutic targets in neurological syndromes, as well as cardiovascular and kidney diseases [1]. DRD1 is highly expressed in the central nervous system, especially in the striatum, and is involved in various biological processes, such as motor control, learning, and reward-related behaviors. It couples with the Gs heterotrimer, and its signaling is essential for multiple downstream pathways [1].

In the context of diseases, several studies have explored the role of Drd1. In glioblastoma (GBM), DRD1 contributes to invasion and progression by regulating c-Myc entry into the nucleus, affecting the transcription of the UHRF1 gene. The DRD1 inhibitor SKF83566 suppresses GBM stemness and invasion [2]. In Parkinson's disease, impaired DRD1 signaling may contribute to disturbed motor function as it modulates TrkB turnover and BDNF sensitivity in direct pathway striatal medium spiny neurons [3]. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), DRD1 acts as a negative regulator of disease progression, inhibiting cell proliferation by reducing EGFR activation and PD-L1 expression [4]. In addition, loss-of-function variants in DRD1 are associated with infantile parkinsonism-dystonia [5].

In conclusion, Drd1 plays essential roles in motor control, neural plasticity, and disease-related processes such as cancer progression and neurodegenerative diseases. Studies using various models, including in vitro and in vivo experiments, have provided insights into its functions. Understanding Drd1 is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies for multiple diseases related to the dopaminergic system.