LPIN1, encoding the Lipin 1 protein, is crucial for maintaining lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis [2]. It is involved in pathways like triglyceride and phospholipid synthesis, where it shows phosphatidate phosphatase activity [5]. Genetic models are valuable for studying its function in various biological processes and disease contexts.

LPIN1-deficient (fld) mice, with very low LPIN1 expression, exhibit elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate, likely due to sympathetic nervous system activation through decreased adipose cytokines, indicating LPIN1's role in blood pressure regulation [2]. In sepsis, LPIN1 could be a biomarker for patient survival, associated with immune response and inflammation, as lower expression relates to macrophage infiltration and survival status [1]. In EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer cells, gefitinib treatment induces LPIN1 expression, leading to drug resistance, suggesting co-treatment with LPIN1 inhibitors could prevent this [3]. In buffalo mammary epithelial cells, LPIN1 promotes triglyceride synthesis and is transcriptionally regulated by PPARG, influencing milk fat synthesis [4].

In conclusion, LPIN1 plays essential roles in lipid metabolism, blood pressure regulation, immune response, cancer drug resistance, and milk fat synthesis. Studies using gene-knockout mouse models, like the fld mice, have been instrumental in revealing its functions in diseases such as hypertension and sepsis, providing insights into potential therapeutic targets and disease mechanisms.