Gngt1, encoding the rod photoreceptor transducin gamma-subunit, is a key gene in the phototransduction cascade. As part of heterotrimeric G-protein transducin in retinal rod photoreceptor cells, it plays a crucial role in signal transduction and amplification in vision [5,6,7].

In lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), Gngt1 is overexpressed and associated with poor prognosis. It promotes tumor metastasis by enhancing tumor stemness, remodeling the tumor microenvironment, and modulating the fibrinogen beta chain-neutrophil extracellular trap signaling axis [2]. In non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), Gngt1 is identified as a hub gene, and its high expression is related to worse overall survival, suggesting its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker [3]. In the context of atrial fibrillation-related stroke, Gngt1 may be associated with stroke as a hub-gene [1]. In the study of the pineal gland's evolution, specific genes including Gngt1 were consistently present in mammalian pinealocytes, indicating its role in the functional transformation of the pineal gland from a photoreceptive to a neuroendocrine organ [4].

In conclusion, Gngt1 is essential for phototransduction in the retina. Its dysregulation is implicated in various diseases such as LUAD, NSCLC, and potentially atrial fibrillation-related stroke. Research on Gngt1, especially through in vivo models, provides insights into disease mechanisms and potential biomarker and therapeutic target identification.