Gpc3, short for glypican-3, is a membrane-associated proteoglycan. It is involved in cell-surface guidance receptor interactions, which are crucial for neural migration during brain development. Also, it has been linked to various disease-related processes, especially in cancers. Its role in cell-to-cell communication pathways and its potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic target make it a gene of great biological importance [1-10].

In cancer research, Gpc3 has emerged as a significant target. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), Gpc3 is highly specific and overexpressed. Gpc3-targeted therapies, such as GPC3-CAR-T cell therapies, show promise. For example, novel GPC3-7-19-CAR-T cells can reconstitute the immune microenvironment in HCC, leading to better antitumor effects compared to conventional GPC3-CAR-T cells [1]. Also, GPC3-targeted immunoPET imaging strategies have been developed for early detection of HCC, with Gpc3-specific single-domain antibodies serving as radiotracers [2]. In addition, in gastric cancer, Gpc3 is up-regulated in certain cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) subgroups, and targeting GPC3high CAFs can sensitize PD-1 blockage therapy [3].

In conclusion, Gpc3 is essential for normal neural development through its role in cell-surface guidance receptor interactions. In the context of diseases, particularly cancers like HCC and gastric cancer, Gpc3 shows great potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic target. Research on Gpc3, especially through in-vivo studies like those using mouse models for targeted therapies, contributes to a better understanding of disease mechanisms and the development of more effective treatment strategies.