Gzmb, also known as Granzyme B, is a serine protease found in the cytoplasmic granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. It plays a crucial role in inducing apoptotic changes of target cells, and is involved in immune-related processes such as immune suppression and regulation of T-cell function [1,4].

In research, it has been found that in generalized vitiligo patients, reduced GZMB transcripts lead to a decrease in the suppressive capacity of regulatory T cells, suggesting its importance in the pathogenesis of this autoimmune disease [1]. In non-segmental vitiligo, certain GZMB polymorphisms are associated with the development of the disease, indicating a genetic link [4]. In skin cutaneous melanoma, high levels of GZMB expression are associated with favorable prognosis, making it a potential prognostic biomarker [2]. Also, disruption of GZMB in human CD8+ T cells results in reduced suppressive function, highlighting its role in immune regulation [3].

In conclusion, Gzmb is essential for immune-related functions, especially in the regulation of T-cell-mediated immune responses. Studies on Gzmb, including those using gene-knockout models (implied by functional disruption studies), have provided insights into its role in autoimmune diseases like vitiligo and in cancer prognosis, contributing to a better understanding of disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.