Icam2, also known as intercellular adhesion molecule 2 or CD102, is a cell-surface ligand for the lymphocyte function-associated antigen LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18), mediating cell-cell adhesion interactions crucial for the immune system. It is involved in multiple biological processes, and its gene maps to chromosome 17 region q23-25 [8].

In triple-negative breast cancer, high expression of ICAM2 in leptomeningeal metastatic cells promotes blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier adhesion, trans-BCB migration, and stemness abilities, determining the specificity of leptomeningeal metastasis. Neutralizing ICAM2 can attenuate its progression [1].

In dendritic cell immunotherapy for cancer, an increase in ICAM2 in the tumor DC vaccine group is related to a decrease in tumor volume, suggesting it could be a marker of good prognosis [2].

In rheumatoid arthritis, RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analysis identify ICAM2 as a promoter of RA progression, and artemisitene suppresses RA by inhibiting the ICAM2/PI3K/AKT/p300 pathway [3].

In oral squamous cell carcinoma, downregulation of ICAM2 by siRNA enhances radiosensitivity, while overexpression induces radioresistance [4].

In gastric cancer, ICAM2, induced by ERG, suppresses GC progression by promoting ubiquitination-mediated radixin degradation [5].

In the early intraepithelial stages of human pancreatic carcinogenesis, ICAM2 is involved in immune surveillance, promoting the anti-tumor immune response [6].

In proliferative lupus nephritis, ICAM2 may serve as a serum biomarker, and its knockdown in vitro can inhibit the PI3K/Akt pathway and alleviate glomerular endothelial cell injury [7].

In acute stroke, ICAM-2 is among the proteins with significant dysregulation, and biomarker-based models including it show potential for differentiating stroke types [9].

In conclusion, Icam2 plays diverse and important roles in various biological processes and diseases, such as cancer metastasis, immunotherapy prognosis, arthritis progression, radiosensitivity, immune surveillance, and biomarker discovery. Studies using different models, including gene-targeting approaches in relevant disease models, have revealed these functions, providing insights into potential therapeutic strategies for these diseases.