Idh1, or Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, is a key metabolic enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. It catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate to α -ketoglutarate (α -KG) and generates NADPH, playing a crucial role in cellular respiration. Changes in its expression levels or gene mutations can affect dioxygenase activity and the body's detoxification mechanism [4].

Mutations in Idh1 have been observed in several tumors, such as glioma, acute myeloid leukemia, and chondrosarcoma. Mutant Idh1 increases the conversion of α -KG to 2 -hydroxyglutarate (2 -HG), leading to epigenetic dysregulation, altered gene expression, and impaired cell differentiation. Small-molecule inhibitors targeting mutant Idh1 (mIdh1) are emerging as a therapeutic approach, like the approved inhibitor AG-120 (ivosidenib) for treating Idh1-mutated AML [1,3]. In hepatocellular carcinoma, scutellarin can activate Idh1, limit glycolysis, and activate the tumor immune microenvironment [2].

In conclusion, Idh1 is essential for cellular metabolism, especially in the TCA cycle. Research on Idh1, particularly its mutant forms, has significant implications for understanding and treating various cancers. The development of Idh1-targeted inhibitors offers new hope for cancer patients, highlighting the importance of studying this gene in the context of disease-related biological processes.