Insr, the insulin receptor gene, encodes an evolutionarily conserved signaling protein. It is crucial in the insulin signaling pathway, which is involved in metabolic regulation, growth control, and neuronal function. Dysregulation of this pathway is linked to diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases [1].

In a conditional cortex-specific knockout mouse model lacking both Igf1r and Insr, normal development of the embryonic hippocampus and cingulate cortex was disrupted, and the length of axons extended by cortical and hippocampal neurons in culture was severely reduced. This indicates that Insr, along with Igf1r, is required for brain development in a region-specific manner and promotes axon growth [2].

In conclusion, Insr is essential for multiple biological functions, with its role in the insulin signaling pathway being of great significance. Studies using gene knockout mouse models, like the Igf1r;Insr knockout, have provided insights into its role in brain development. Understanding Insr's functions may offer potential targets for treating diseases associated with insulin signaling dysregulation.