Kcnj11, which encodes the Kir6.2 subunit of the adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel, is a key gene in the insulin secretion pathway in pancreatic beta cells [2,5]. The KATP channel is a heteromeric protein involved in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, making Kcnj11 crucial for maintaining normal blood glucose levels [2].

Mutations in Kcnj11 are associated with a wide range of glucose metabolism disorders. Inactivating mutations lead to oversecretion of insulin, causing congenital hyperinsulinism, while activating mutations result in diabetes, including neonatal diabetes, maturity-onset diabetes of the young (KCNJ11-MODY), and type 2 diabetes [1,3,5]. For example, in Chinese early-onset diabetes patients, certain rare variants of Kcnj11 were found, though their pathogenicity needed further verification [3]. Also, studies on Kcnj11 polymorphisms showed associations with gestational diabetes mellitus in some ethnic groups, like the rs5219 polymorphism in Caucasian and Asian populations [4].

In conclusion, Kcnj11 plays a vital role in insulin secretion and glucose metabolism. Its mutations are strongly linked to various diabetes-related disorders, and understanding its function through genetic models can provide insights into the pathogenesis of these diseases, potentially guiding more targeted treatment strategies.