MTX1, or Metaxin 1, is involved in multiple biological processes. In the context of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it has been identified as a new regulator related to sorafenib resistance. MTX1 promotes HCC cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, increases cell growth rate, and decreases apoptosis upon sorafenib treatment. Mechanistically, it promotes autophagy in HCC cells by interacting with and inhibiting CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1 (CISD1), an autophagy negative regulator [1].

In the study of gout, MTX1 was identified among four genes related by protein-protein interaction network (PPI) analysis, suggesting its potential involvement in the pathogenesis of gout [2]. In Parkinson's disease (PD), homozygosity for the MTX1 c.184T>A (p.S63T) alteration was found to modify the age of onset in GBA-associated PD, with the homozygous MTX1 c.184A/A genotype associated with an earlier age of motor symptoms onset in patients with GBA mutations [3].

In conclusion, MTX1 plays important roles in multiple disease conditions such as HCC, gout, and PD. Its functions in promoting cell proliferation, autophagy, and its association with disease-related genetic alterations highlight its significance in understanding disease mechanisms. The studies on MTX1 contribute to the exploration of potential therapeutic targets and a better understanding of the underlying pathological processes in these diseases.