Nf1, associated with Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), is a gene whose product, neurofibromin, has a major function of downregulating RAS, thus playing a crucial role in regulating the RAS/MAPK pathway [2]. Mutations in Nf1 lead to dysregulation of this pathway, causing NF1, an autosomal dominantly inherited tumour predisposition syndrome [2].

Most NF1 patients carry private loss-of-function mutations in Nf1 [1]. A significant proportion of Nf1 missense mutations (30%) can be deleterious by affecting pre-mRNA splicing [1]. NF1 mutations also contribute to the acquisition of drug resistance in melanoma, lung, and breast cancers and neuroblastoma [2]. Cutaneous neurofibromas, which develop in over 99% of NF1 individuals, can potentially be treated with econazole as it selectively induces apoptosis in Nf1 -/- murine nerve root neurosphere cells and human cutaneous neurofibroma xenografts [3].

In conclusion, Nf1 is essential for regulating the RAS/MAPK pathway through its product neurofibromin. Its mutations are associated with NF1 and various malignancies, highlighting its significance in tumour-related disease areas. The study of Nf1-related models can provide insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies for NF1-associated disorders and cancers [1,2,3].