Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), a member of the neurotrophins family, was first discovered about 60 years ago. It is crucial for the growth of nerves and is involved in the NGF/TrkA signaling pathway [1]. NGF is associated with various biological processes, such as those in the nervous system, reproductive apparatus, and sperm traits [2,3]. It also has implications in diseases like Alzheimer's and intractable pain [1,4]. Genetic models can be valuable in studying its functions.

NGF affects sperm kinetics, capacitation, apoptosis, necrosis, and acrosome reaction, with its effects modulated by receptors TrkA and p75NTR [2]. In the context of reproduction, it is widely distributed in reproductive-regulating organs, having a luteotrophic action in spontaneous ovulators and being the main ovulation-inducing factor in induced ovulators [3]. In Alzheimer's disease, NGF is important for supporting the survival of cholinergic neurons, but its delivery to the brain is challenging due to the blood-brain barrier [4]. Additionally, NGF is a mediator of inflammatory pain, with its sequestration reducing nociceptor sensitivity and its increase in inflamed tissues leading to hyperalgesia [5].

In conclusion, NGF plays essential roles in nerve growth, reproductive processes, and pain regulation. Its functions in diseases like Alzheimer's and in inflammatory pain have been revealed through various studies. Understanding NGF's functions from these model-based research can potentially lead to new therapeutic strategies for related diseases.