OGG1, or 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase, is a key repair protein for 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) in eukaryotic DNA. Through the base excision repair (BER) pathway, it recognizes and excises 8-oxoG, then recruits other proteins to complete DNA repair. OGG1 is mainly located in the cytoplasm but can enter the nucleus and mitochondria, playing roles in DNA repair, oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and autophagy [1].

In kidney diseases, OGG1 is involved in DNA repair, inflammation induction, autophagy regulation, and other transcriptional regulations, and its epigenetic effects have drawn attention [1].

In cancer, targeting OGG1 can arrest cancer cell proliferation by inducing replication stress, as OGG1 depletion obstructs the growth of A3 T-cell lymphoblastic acute leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo, validating it as a potential anti-cancer target [2].

In aging-related processes, mitochondrial OGG1 expression can reduce age-associated neuroinflammation by regulating cytosolic mitochondrial DNA, as seen in transgenic mouse models with enhanced mitochondria-targeted OGG1 expression [3].

In summary, OGG1 is crucial for DNA repair and is involved in multiple biological processes and disease conditions. Studies using transgenic mouse models and other genetic manipulations have revealed its roles in kidney diseases, cancer, and age-related neuroinflammation, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target in these areas.