Tnfrsf11b, also known as osteoprotegerin, is a key protein involved in regulating bone resorption, with its function closely associated with the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway. It plays a significant role in multiple biological processes, including immune response, inflammatory response, and signal transduction [1,2].

In sepsis-ARDS, TNFRSF11B levels were significantly higher compared to controls, and it was associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction, suggesting it could be a new predictive and diagnostic biomarker for vascular endothelium damage [1].

In osteoarthritic cartilage, overexpression of TNFRSF11B led to upregulation of genes related to chondrocyte to osteoblast transition, indicating it may be a driving factor in this process [2].

In gastric cancer, TNFRSF11B was highly expressed in the cytoplasm, promoting cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and inhibiting apoptosis, while activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway [3].

In obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), plasma TNFRSF11B levels were significantly higher and were associated with the presence and severity of OSA, making it a potential biomarker for premature vascular endothelial dysfunction in OSA patients [4].

In colon cancer, TNFRSF11B was identified as a prognostic factor, and its overexpression was related to lymph node invasion, pathogenic E. coli infection, and suppression of memory CD4+ T cell infiltration in the cancer microenvironment [5]. Also, TNFRSF11B polymorphisms were associated with an increased risk of short-term poor outcome in large artery atherosclerosis stroke [6].

In conclusion, Tnfrsf11b is crucial in regulating various biological processes and is significantly associated with multiple diseases, such as sepsis-ARDS, osteoarthritis, gastric cancer, OSA, colon cancer, and large artery atherosclerosis stroke. Understanding the role of Tnfrsf11b through these functional studies helps in uncovering the disease mechanisms and may potentially lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for these diseases.