Immunoglobulin binding protein 1 (IGBP1), an important signal transduction regulator, is involved in multiple biological functions. It is a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (Pp2a), sustaining mTOR signaling, and is associated with pathways like the PI3K/AKT pathway [1,2,4]. IGBP1 has been linked to cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and tolerance, especially of B cells [3].

IGBP1 shows potential as a biomarker and is associated with several diseases. In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), high IGBP1 expression correlates with poor prognosis and may act as a tumor promoter [1]. In lupus nephritis (LN), serum IGBP1 levels are high, positively correlated with the pathologic activity index, and can serve as a valid biomarker for detecting active nephritis [3]. Urinary IGBP1 may also be a novel biomarker reflecting the clinical and histological activities in LN [6]. In lung adenocarcinoma, miR-3941 can target IGBP1, and its suppression plays a role in early-stage disease progression [5].

In conclusion, IGBP1 is a key signal transduction regulator involved in multiple biological functions. Its role as a biomarker in diseases like ESCC, LN, and lung adenocarcinoma has been demonstrated through various studies. Understanding IGBP1's functions provides insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets in these disease areas.