Ppp5c, encoding protein phosphatase 5 catalytic subunit, is a serine/threonine protein phosphatase. It has dual functions of dephosphorylation and co-chaperone, participating in many signal transductions related to cell growth, differentiation, and responses to hormonal signals or cellular stress [1]. It is involved in various pathways such as Wnt signalling by dephosphorylating Dvl2 [2], and endothelial calcium signaling regulation in concert with FKBP51 and S100A6 [3].

Knockdown of Ppp5c in prostate cancer cells inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation, arrested cells in G0/G1 phase and induced apoptosis, with JNK and ERK phosphorylation promoted [4]. In hepatocellular carcinoma cells, Ppp5c knockdown suppressed proliferation and colony formation ability, leading to G0/G1 and G2/M phase arrest [6]. A de novo missense variant in Ppp5c in a patient was associated with microcephaly, developmental delay, and refractory epilepsy, and functional evaluation in C. elegans suggested the variant was likely damaging [5].

In conclusion, Ppp5c is crucial for cell growth-related processes. Its dysregulation is linked to diseases like cancer, epilepsy, and neurological disorders. Studies on Ppp5c, including through knockdown and variant functional analysis, help in understanding its role in these biological processes and disease conditions, potentially providing new directions for disease diagnosis and treatment.