Ptger2, short for prostaglandin E receptor 2, is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The PTGS2 (COX-2)-PTGER2 pathway is involved in inflammation and carcinogenesis [3]. PGE2-PTGER2 signaling is associated with various biological processes, such as cell proliferation, regulation of the cell cycle, and endometrial repair [2,4].

In mice, the combined knockout of PTGER2 and PTGER4 strongly enhanced the pathology induced by streptozotocin, indicating that the PTGS-2-PTGER2/4 signaling pathway has a protective role against streptozotocin-induced diabetes [6]. In fibrotic fibroblasts from humans and mice, DNA hypermethylation of PTGER2 leads to decreased expression levels of the receptor and PGE2 resistance [5]. In ovarian cancer, METTL3-mediated m6A modification enhances PTGER2 expression, which in turn promotes cancer stem cell properties, therapy resistance, and metastasis [1]. In colorectal cancer, PTGER2 overexpression is associated with microsatellite instability [3].

In conclusion, Ptger2 is crucial in multiple biological processes and disease conditions. Studies using gene knockout models in mice have revealed its protective role in diabetes-related toxicity, and its association with fibrosis, ovarian cancer, and colorectal cancer. These findings suggest that Ptger2 could be a potential therapeutic target in these diseases.