Ptpn20, encoding protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 20, is a non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase. It is involved in various biological processes, with its protein-tyrosine phosphatase signaling potentially regulating cell movements during early vertebrate development [4]. Also, it may be associated with protein dephosphorylation as part of the PTPN family [5].

In triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), Ptpn20 levels are elevated, and it promotes metastasis by activating NF-κB signaling through dephosphorylating p65 at Ser468, thus serving as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target [1]. In H-Tx rats, deletion of Ptpn20 leads to enhanced phosphorylation of the NKCC1 cotransporter in the choroid plexus, causing overproduction of cerebrospinal fluid and potentially contributing to hydrocephalus, indicating it could be a therapeutic target for hydrocephalus [2]. In gastric cancer with Helicobacter pylori infection, Ptpn20 is a significant prognostic marker, associated with immune cell infiltration and tumor mutation burden [3].

In summary, Ptpn20 is involved in multiple biological processes and disease conditions. Studies, including gene-knockout-related models in rats and functional studies in cell lines and animal models, have revealed its role in TNBC metastasis, hydrocephalus formation, and gastric cancer prognosis. These findings suggest Ptpn20 could be a valuable target for treatment in these diseases.