Tgm1, or transglutaminase 1, is a key enzyme that plays crucial roles in various biological processes. It is involved in cell junction stability, as it has been shown to stabilize endothelial and keratinocyte cell junctions [4]. In the skin, Tgm1 is essential for proper epidermal architecture and barrier formation, with mutations in the TGM1 gene often causing lamellar ichthyosis, a skin disorder characterized by generalized dry skin and severe scaling [2,3].

In cancer research, Tgm1 has emerged as a potential target. TGM1 and TGM3 can transamidate Exo70, a key exocyst complex component, which promotes tumor metastasis. The tumor suppressor LKB1 can phosphorylate TGM1 to inhibit this transamidation [1]. Additionally, a pan-cancer analysis indicated that TGM1 is expressed differently in various tumors and normal samples, and is associated with the prognosis of several cancer types, such as KIRC, ACC, SKCM, LIHC, and STES [5].

In conclusion, Tgm1 is vital for maintaining normal physiological functions, especially in skin barrier formation and cell junction stability. Its role in cancer metastasis and prognosis makes it a potential target for cancer therapy. The study of Tgm1 in animal models, such as those related to lamellar ichthyosis and cancer, has significantly enhanced our understanding of its functions and implications in disease.