TPT1, also known as translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), HRF, and fortilin, is a highly conserved gene across eukaryotic species. The protein it encodes is ubiquitously expressed and influences various cellular processes. It is involved in pathways such as those related to phenotypic reprogramming, interacting with key proteins like p53, MCL1, and immunoglobulins. TPT1 is also an essential phosphotransferase in pre-tRNA splicing, releasing mature tRNA and participating in ADP-ribose processes [1,2,3].

In the context of diseases, TPT1 shows potential as a biomarker. Its dysregulation has been linked to a wide range of diseases. For instance, in breast cancer, it has been identified as a prognostic factor and a regulator of the tumor suppressor p53 and cancer stem cell compartment. In pediatric astrocytomas, studies on polymorphisms in the TPT1 gene and its associated molecular pathways suggest a possible association with tumorigenesis risk [1,2,4].

In conclusion, TPT1 is a multifunctional gene involved in crucial cellular processes like tRNA splicing and in the context of diseases, shows promise as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target. Research on TPT1, including through studies on gene polymorphisms in diseases such as pediatric astrocytomas, contributes to understanding disease mechanisms and developing new treatment strategies.