Ube2e3, also known as UbcH9, is a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2). The ubiquitination process it participates in is crucial for regulating various cellular processes, including protein degradation, cell cycle progression, and signal transduction [5]. It is involved in pathways such as the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response pathway, which is vital for maintaining redox homeostasis in cells [6].

Depletion of Ube2e3 in cells can lead to cellular senescence. For example, in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), knockdown of Ube2e3 accelerates cellular senescence and inhibits osteogenic differentiation, potentially contributing to osteoporosis [1]. In ovarian granulosa cells, miR-143-3p promotes senescence by targeting Ube2e3 [2]. In breast cancer cells, miR-379-5p reduces Ube2e3 expression, affecting cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis [3]. In retinal pigment epithelial cells, depletion of Ube2e3 by siRNA causes cell-cycle exit, indicating its importance in cell proliferation [4].

In conclusion, Ube2e3 plays essential roles in multiple biological processes, especially in regulating cellular senescence and proliferation. Its dysregulation is associated with diseases like osteoporosis and cancer. Studies using loss-of-function models, such as siRNA-mediated depletion, have significantly enhanced our understanding of Ube2e3's functions and its implications in disease conditions.