Umod, which codes for uromodulin (also known as Tamm-Horsfall protein), is a kidney-specific gene. Uromodulin is the most abundant protein excreted in normal urine and has important functions in the kidney and urine [5,6]. The gene is associated with pathways related to kidney function and diseases. Studying genetic variations in Umod can provide insights into the pathogenesis and prognosis of kidney-related disorders [1,5].

Rare mutations in Umod are the major cause of autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD), which leads to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) [3,4,5,7]. In ADTKD-UMOD patients, there are distinct clinical features such as hyperuricemia, gout, and progressive CKD [2,4]. A novel heterozygous Umod mutation was found in a Chinese pediatric case of ADTKD-UMOD, expanding the understanding of the mutation spectrum and phenotype in children [4]. Also, an intermediate-effect Umod variant (p.Thr62Pro) was identified, which confers risk for CKD, showing reduced disease severity compared to canonical ADTKD mutations [6].

In conclusion, Umod is crucial for normal kidney function, and its mutations are significantly associated with ADTKD and CKD. The study of Umod, especially through genetic models, helps in understanding the pathogenesis and prognosis of these kidney diseases, potentially guiding future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.