Wfs1, encoding a transmembrane structural protein wolframin, is essential for several biological processes. It is involved in proper inner ear function, and mutations in this gene are associated with Wolfram syndrome (WFS) and related disorders [2,3]. WFS is a rare, autosomal, recessive neurogenetic disorder affecting multiple organ systems, often characterized by diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness [2]. Understanding its function through genetic models is crucial for finding treatments.

In a transgenic mouse model (DISC1-N), single-nucleus RNA sequencing and other techniques uncovered a group of glutamatergic neurons in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) marked by Wfs1 expression [1]. These neurons had diminished firing ability and impaired communication with adjacent astrocytes in DISC1-N mice. Optogenetic activation of astrocytes could reinstate neuronal excitability, improving risk-assessment behavior. In Wolfram syndrome mouse models, depletion of Wfs1 compromises mitochondrial function, and restoring Wfs1 levels can improve mitochondrial functionality [4].

In conclusion, Wfs1 plays a key role in various biological processes such as neuronal function in the BLA and mitochondrial function. Studies using mouse models, like the DISC1-N and those with Wfs1 depletion, have revealed its importance in risk-assessment behavior and mitochondrial-related disease conditions associated with Wolfram syndrome. These models are valuable for understanding the mechanisms underlying Wfs1-related disorders and for developing potential therapeutic strategies.