Wnt10a, a secreted glycoprotein, is involved in signaling pathways crucial to ectodermal organogenesis and tissue regeneration [1]. As a member of the WNTs (Wingless-related integration sites) family, it plays a significant role in the development of various organs and tissues. Genetic models, such as gene knockout (KO) and conditional knockout (CKO) mouse models, have been valuable in studying its functions.

In KO and CKO mouse models, Wnt10a knockout in whole tissue and dental epithelium led to taurodontism-like phenotypes, with absence or apical location of root furcation in molars [2]. This indicates that epithelial Wnt10a is essential for tooth root furcation morphogenesis. It controls the organized proliferation of adjacent mesenchymal cells by regulating proper Wnt4 expression [2]. Also, in another study, deletion of Wnt10a in mice led to hippocampal neurodegeneration, with spatial memory impairment, decreased neurogenesis, and impaired synaptic function, possibly through the β-catenin signaling pathway [3].

In conclusion, Wnt10a is vital for ectodermal organogenesis, tissue regeneration, and is involved in tooth root development and hippocampal function. The KO and CKO mouse models have revealed its role in specific disease-related processes, such as tooth root defects and hippocampal neurodegeneration, providing insights into the underlying mechanisms of these conditions.