Rnf103, also known as ring finger protein 103, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases play a crucial role in the ubiquitination process, which is involved in many biological pathways such as protein degradation, cell cycle regulation, and immune response [1,4].

In aquaculture, Rnf103 has been identified as a key target in Vibrio anguillarum immune evasion. It promotes immune escape by inhibiting Traf6. A circular RNA, circRnf103, formed by reverse splicing of the Rnf103 gene, encodes Rnf103-177aa. This protein competes with Rnf103 and binds to Traf6, preventing its degradation. circRnf103 therapy is effective in treating V. anguillarum infections in zebrafish models [1].

In diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), RNF103-CHMP3 (a form related to Rnf103) was identified as a key gene significantly associated with DFU, linked to extracellular interactions and potentially involved in cellular communication and tissue repair mechanisms for wound healing [2].

In Alzheimer's disease, Rnf103 was among six characteristic genes determined by machine-learning algorithms, enabling the prediction of AD progression [3].

In pigs, Rnf103 was considered as a genetic marker for growth traits [5]. In a study on blood lipid levels, Rnf103 was associated with triglycerides [6].

In conclusion, Rnf103 is an important E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in multiple biological processes and diseases. Studies in different models, such as zebrafish for Vibrio infection, have revealed its role in immune-related processes. In diseases like DFU, Alzheimer's, and in relation to lipid metabolism and pig growth, Rnf103 shows potential as a key gene, highlighting its significance in understanding disease mechanisms and potentially developing new treatments.