PRDM13, a transcriptional repressor, is a key regulator in neuronal development. It functions downstream of the transcription factor PTF1A and is involved in specifying neuronal subtypes. In the retina, it contributes to the development of amacrine interneurons, and in the spinal cord, it helps maintain the balance of inhibitory and excitatory neurons [3,4,6,7]. It is also implicated in hindbrain development, with its role in hypothalamic and cerebellar development being of particular interest [1,2].

In zebrafish, loss of prdm13 function leads to a reduction in Purkinje cell numbers and absence of the inferior olive nuclei, highlighting its role in hindbrain development [1]. In Prdm13 -deficient mice, there is a reduction in GABAergic and glycinergic amacrines in the retina, and abnormal visual sensitivities are observed [3]. Prdm13 -deficient mice also display cerebellar hypoplasia, delayed pubertal onset, and a significant reduction in the number of Kisspeptin neurons in the hypothalamus [2]. Additionally, chemogenetic inhibition or knockout of Prdm13+ neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus of mice affects sleep-wake patterns [5].

In conclusion, Prdm13 is crucial for neuronal subtype specification, especially in the retina, spinal cord, hypothalamus, and cerebellum. Studies using gene knockout mouse models have revealed its role in diseases such as pontocerebellar hypoplasias, congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and potentially North Carolina macular dystrophy. Understanding Prdm13's function provides insights into the mechanisms of neuronal development and related disorders.