CCDC106, Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 106, is a protein-coding gene. It has been identified as a p53-interacting partner and is involved in regulating the p53-Mdm2/MdmX signaling axis. This regulation is crucial as overexpressed Mdm2/MdmX inhibits cellular p53 activity, which is highly relevant to cancer occurrence [1].

CCDC106 overexpression downregulates the cellular levels of p53 and Mdm2/MdmX, and decreased p53 reversibly downregulates the cellular level of CCDC106 [1]. In ovarian cancer, overexpression of CCDC106 promotes the proliferation, invasion, and Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of mutant p53 cells through the ATF4-mediated inhibition of p21 [2]. In non-small cell lung cancer, CCDC106 expression is associated with advanced TNM stage, positive regional lymph node metastasis, and poor overall survival. It promotes cell proliferation via AKT-dependent upregulation of Cyclin A2 and Cyclin B1 [3]. In cervical cancer, HPV-CCDC106 integration alters local chromosome architecture, hijacks an enhancer, and increases CCDC106 expression, which then promotes cancer progression by degrading p53 [4,6]. Also, in breast and cervical cancers with wild-type p53, CK2-mediated phosphorylation of CCDC106 at Ser-130 and Ser-147 is required for its interaction with p53, nuclear localization, and subsequent p53 degradation and oncogenic function [5].

In conclusion, CCDC106 plays a significant role in cancer-related biological processes, mainly through its interaction with p53 and regulation of related signaling pathways. Functional studies, especially those using in vivo models, have revealed its oncogenic potential in multiple cancer types, providing potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.