Tnrc6a, also known as GW182 paralog, is an essential protein for microRNA (miRNA)-mediated gene silencing. It functions as a platform protein in the cytoplasm, interacting with Argonaute protein for RNA silencing and with decapping enzymes or deadenylation protein complexes to induce mRNA degradation. It also shuttles between the cytoplasm and nucleus, potentially playing a role in navigating Ago protein into the nucleus for miRNA-mediated gene silencing [4,5].

In a rat model of myocardial infarction, abnormal expression of Tnrc6a was observed. As the disease progressed, Tnrc6a protein expressed abnormally, up-regulating miR-21 after the 3rd and 5th week of infarction, which in turn down-regulated PTEN, contributing to the development of myocardial infarction [1].

In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), LINC01082 inhibits NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by binding to miR-543, which targets Tnrc6a. TNRC6A was downregulated in NSCLC cells [2].

In hepatocellular carcinoma, miR-652-3p promotes metastasis by inhibiting TNRC6A expression, and high miR-652-3p and low TNRC6A expression are correlated with poor prognosis [3].

In mice, downregulation of TNRC6A in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) decreased the stability of miR-21-3p, up-regulating CRF and leading to anxiety-like behaviors [6].

In conclusion, Tnrc6a is crucial for miRNA-mediated gene silencing and is involved in various biological processes and disease conditions. Studies in different animal models have revealed its roles in myocardial infarction, NSCLC, hepatocellular carcinoma, and anxiety-like behaviors, highlighting its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target for these diseases.