Vash1, short for vasohibin-1, is a gene with multiple important functions. It is involved in the detyrosination/tyrosination cycle of α-tubulin, which is crucial for proper cell functioning. Vash1 forms a complex with small-vasohibin binding protein (SVBP) to mediate α-tubulin detyrosination, a post-translational modification of microtubules (MTs) that impacts MT-associated proteins and molecular motors [1,2,4,9,10]. Additionally, Vash1 is related to angiogenesis pathways, with its expression being influenced by vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) [5]. It also plays roles in various disease-related processes, including cancer and inflammation [3,6,7,8].

In ovarian cancer, Vash1 acts as a tumor-suppressing factor, with lower expression in neoplastic tissues compared to normal tissues. It affects overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS), negatively regulates tumor purity, and controls the tumor microenvironment through immunocyte infiltration. Functional enrichment analysis suggests it suppresses tumors by regulating the extracellular matrix receptor pathway, and in vivo experiments confirm its inhibition of ovarian cancer cell malignant phenotypes [3].

In lower-grade glioma (LGG), high Vash1 expression is associated with poor prognosis, WHO grade, IDH1 wild-type, and progressive disease. Knockdown of Vash1 in glioma cell lines increases cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, potentially by affecting microtubule formation and immune microenvironment remodeling [6].

In endometriosis, miR-143-3p targets Vash1 to activate the TGF-β signaling pathway, facilitating the motility and invasiveness of endometriotic stromal cells [7]. Porcine β-defensin 2 (PBD-2) interacts with intracellular Vash1 to inhibit the LPS-induced Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway and suppress inflammatory responses [8].

In conclusion, Vash1 is essential for microtubule detyrosination and has significant implications in multiple disease areas. Its role as a tumor suppressor in ovarian cancer and its association with prognosis in lower-grade glioma, along with its involvement in endometriosis-related cell motility and inflammation regulation, highlight its importance in understanding disease mechanisms. Studies on Vash1 contribute to a better understanding of these biological processes and may offer potential therapeutic targets.