Slc5a2, also known as SGLT2, encodes the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2. This protein is crucial for the majority of glucose reuptake in the tubular system of the kidney, with SGLT1 reabsorbing the remaining filtered glucose [2]. Mutations in SLC5A2 are associated with glucosuria [2]. The study of Slc5a2 in genetically modified mouse models, such as knockout (KO) or conditional knockout (CKO) models, can provide insights into its role in glucose homeostasis and related biological processes.

In human studies, SLC5A2 polymorphisms have been investigated. The SLC5A2 polymorphism rs9934336 has been associated with decreased HbA1c during the oral glucose tolerance test, and common variants of the SLC5A2 gene are related to blood glucose and insulin concentrations, but not glucagon concentrations. Also, SLC5A2 rs9934336 and rs3116150 are related to a lower risk of heart failure [1]. Moreover, in Chinese families, several mutations in SLC5A2, including two novel ones, were found to be responsible for familial renal glucosuria, a condition characterized by persistent glucosuria without other tubular function impairments and with normal serum glucose [3].

In conclusion, Slc5a2 plays a vital role in renal glucose reabsorption, and its genetic variations are associated with glucose-related phenotypes and certain disease risks, such as heart failure and familial renal glucosuria. The study of Slc5a2 in model systems, including human genetic studies, helps to understand its role in glucose homeostasis and disease mechanisms.