C57BL/6JCya-Grm4em1flox/Cya
Common Name:
Grm4-flox
Product ID:
S-CKO-09722
Background:
C57BL/6JCya
Product Type
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Genotype
Sex
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Basic Information
Strain Name
Grm4-flox
Strain ID
CKOCMP-268934-Grm4-B6J-VA
Gene Name
Product ID
S-CKO-09722
Gene Alias
Gprc1d; mGluR4
Background
C57BL/6JCya
NCBI ID
Modification
Conditional knockout
Chromosome
17
Phenotype
Document
Application
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Note: When using this mouse strain in a publication, please cite “C57BL/6JCya-Grm4em1flox/Cya mice (Catalog S-CKO-09722) were purchased from Cyagen.”
Strain Description
Ensembl Number
ENSMUST00000118161
NCBI RefSeq
NM_001291045
Target Region
Exon 3
Size of Effective Region
~1.3 kb
Detailed Document
Overview of Gene Research
GRM4, also known as metabotropic glutamate receptor 4, is a receptor that plays significant roles in the central nervous system. It is involved in glutamate-mediated signaling pathways, and glutamate is a key neurotransmitter in the nervous system, thus GRM4 is crucial for normal neural function [2,3].
In osteosarcoma, overexpression of GRM4 inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by interacting with CBX4 to restrict CBX4's nuclear localization and affect HIF-1α transcriptional activity [1]. Grm4-/-gene-targeted mice show accelerated radiation-induced tumor development, and GRM4 in myeloid cells selectively regulates IL23 and IL12 expression, with osteosarcoma-conditioned media affecting myeloid cell Il23 expression in a GRM4-dependent way [5].
In glioma, low expression of GRM4 is associated with poor prognosis, and its overexpression prevents the migration of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell lines in vitro, also having an impact on immune cell infiltration [4].
In breast cancer, GRM4 acts as a tumor suppressor, with its overexpression inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and it is regulated by miR-328-3p and miR-370-3p [6].
In conclusion, GRM4 has important functions in regulating cell behavior such as proliferation, migration, and invasion in multiple cancer types including osteosarcoma, glioma, and breast cancer. The study of GRM4 knockout mouse models has provided insights into its role in osteosarcoma development, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target in these disease areas.
References:
1. Zhang, Zengliang, Li, Nan, Wei, Xing, Hu, Xiantong, Hou, Shuxun. 2019. GRM4 inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human osteosarcoma cells through interaction with CBX4. In Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 84, 279-289. doi:10.1080/09168451.2019.1673147. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31581881/
2. Eyob, Wintana, George, Akash K, Homme, Rubens P, Tyagi, Suresh C, Singh, Mahavir. 2020. Regulation of the parental gene GRM4 by circGrm4 RNA transcript and glutamate-mediated neurovascular toxicity in eyes. In Molecular and cellular biochemistry, 476, 663-673. doi:10.1007/s11010-020-03934-0. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33074445/
3. Jones, Sara K, McCarthy, Deirdre M, Vied, Cynthia, Schatschneider, Chris, Bhide, Pradeep G. 2022. Transgenerational transmission of aspartame-induced anxiety and changes in glutamate-GABA signaling and gene expression in the amygdala. In Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119, e2213120119. doi:10.1073/pnas.2213120119. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36459641/
4. Fan, Hai, Yan, Dongming, Fang, Xingyue, Geng, Dangmurenjiafu, Liu, Qibing. 2024. Low expression of GRM4 is associated with poor prognosis and tumor immune infiltration in glioma. In The International journal of neuroscience, 134, 1674-1686. doi:10.1080/00207454.2023.2297646. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38164693/
5. Kansara, Maya, Thomson, Kristian, Pang, Puiyi, Smyth, Mark J, Thomas, David M. 2019. Infiltrating Myeloid Cells Drive Osteosarcoma Progression via GRM4 Regulation of IL23. In Cancer discovery, 9, 1511-1519. doi:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-19-0154. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31527131/
6. Xiao, Bin, Chen, Daxiang, Zhou, Quan, Sun, Zhaohui, Li, Linhai. 2019. Glutamate metabotropic receptor 4 (GRM4) inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion in breast cancer and is regulated by miR-328-3p and miR-370-3p. In BMC cancer, 19, 891. doi:10.1186/s12885-019-6068-4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31492116/
Quality Control Standard
Sperm Test
Pre-cryopreservation: Measurement of sperm concentration, determination of sperm viability.
Post-cryopreservation: A vial of cryopreserved sperms is selected for in-vitro fertilization from each batch.
Environmental Standards:SPF
Available Region:Global
Source:Cyagen