S100a7a, a member of the S100 protein family, is involved in various biological processes such as innate immunity, antimicrobial function, and epithelial tumorigenesis [6]. It has been associated with multiple disease conditions, highlighting its significance in biological systems.

In acne vulgaris patients, isotretinoin therapy downregulates the S100a7a peptide mean level, suggesting its potential as a target for acne treatment [1]. In renal fibrosis, overexpressing S100A7a in proximal tubular cells impairs fatty acid oxidation and promotes lipid peroxidation, exacerbating renal fibrosis. Specific deletion of S100a7a in tubular cells enhances fatty acid oxidation, reduces lipid peroxidation, and alleviates renal fibrosis [2]. In rosacea, the upregulation of S100A7A may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease [3]. In FLT3-ITD-positive acute myeloid leukemia, the promoting effects of circ_0000370 on the disease progression might be related to the upregulation of S100A7A [4]. In ovarian cancer patients, the up-regulation of S100A7A has been demonstrated [5]. In pigs, S100A7A is expressed at the maternal-conceptus interface at the initiation of implantation in response to conceptus-derived estrogen and IL1B [6]. In oral squamous cell carcinoma, S100A7A might be a downstream target of BEX4, which functions as a tumor suppressor [7]. In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, high mRNA expression levels of S100A7A are related to a good overall survival [8,9].

In conclusion, S100a7a plays diverse roles in various biological processes and disease conditions. Studies, including those using potential gene-knockout models in some cases, have provided insights into its functions in acne, renal fibrosis, rosacea, leukemia, ovarian cancer, conceptus implantation, oral and head-neck cancers. These findings contribute to understanding the biological functions of S100a7a and its implications in disease development and treatment.