Exosc10, also known as Rrp6, is a conserved 3'-5' exoribonuclease. It is part of the multimeric nuclear RNA exosome, processing and degrading RNA, regulating gene expression, and participating in DNA double-strand break repair and telomere maintenance [4]. It is involved in various biological processes such as gametogenesis, embryo development, and ribosome biogenesis.

Gene knockout (KO) and conditional knockout (CKO) mouse models have been crucial in revealing Exosc10's functions. Exosc10-/-mice show embryonic lethality, with mutants arresting at the eight-cell embryo/morula transition, indicating its essential role in early embryogenesis [1]. In oocytes, Exosc10-specific inactivation leads to female subfertility due to delayed germinal vesicle breakdown and oocyte development/maturation impairment, ultimately depleting the ovarian reserve [5,6]. In the initial segment of the epididymis, Exosc10 deficiency is dispensable for sperm maturation and male fertility [3]. In hepatocellular carcinoma, high EXOSC10 expression is an independent prognostic factor, and its elimination inhibits cell proliferation and migration while inducing apoptosis, potentially regulating HCC progression through the p53-related signaling pathway [2].

In conclusion, Exosc10 plays essential roles in early embryogenesis, oogenesis, and is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis. The KO and CKO mouse models have significantly contributed to understanding its functions in these biological processes and disease conditions, providing insights into potential therapeutic targets for related diseases.