Nxf1, also known as nuclear RNA export factor 1, is a highly conserved protein crucial for the export of messenger RNA (mRNA) from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells. This process is essential for maintaining mRNA homeostasis, and Nxf1 is involved in multiple pathways related to mRNA metabolism, such as transcription-coupled mRNA export, alternative polyadenylation, and nuclear export of m6A-modified mRNAs [1-3, 5].

Germline heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in murine Nxf1 lead to thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia, along with milder hematological defects. This is due to cell-intrinsic defects in the survival of platelets and peripheral lymphocytes, which are sensitized to intrinsic apoptosis. Comparative transcriptome analysis shows that the cytoplasmic representation of transcripts encoding regulators of RNA metabolism is altered in a lineage-specific way in response to impaired Nxf1 function, indicating differential requirements for Nxf1-mediated global mRNA export in blood cell lineages [1].

In conclusion, Nxf1 is vital for mRNA nuclear export and RNA metabolism. The study of Nxf1 through gene-knockout mouse models has revealed its role in blood cell homeostasis, specifically in platelet and lymphocyte survival. Understanding Nxf1 function provides insights into the mechanisms underlying certain hematological diseases.