Septin9 is a gene that has been implicated in various biological processes. Although its exact functions are still being elucidated, it has been associated with cell division and cytoskeletal organization [7].

Aberrant methylation of Septin9 has shown promise as a biomarker for multiple cancers. In cervical cancer, methylated Septin9 was detected in all cancerous tissues but not in cervicitis, and its methylation levels increased with lesion severity. Plasma-based Septin9 methylation had a high discriminatory power in predicting pelvic nodal metastasis [1]. In breast cancer, Septin9 DNA methylation was more frequent in cancer tissues, and higher methylation rates were seen in patients with recurrence or metastasis. It was also an independent predictor of breast cancer prognostic risk [2]. For hepatocellular carcinoma, methylated SEPTIN9 (mSEPT9) showed promise in detection with high performance accuracy, and its combination with other surveillance modalities could improve detection rates [3]. In colorectal cancer, mSEPT9 had moderate diagnostic value, similar to fecal immunochemical test (FIT) and superior to some other markers. Its combination with other markers like CEA, CA19-9, and PLR could improve diagnostic efficacy [4,5]. A 3-gene methylation signature including SEPTIN9 also showed high accuracy in early diagnosis of CRC [6].

In conclusion, Septin9 is associated with important biological functions related to cell-cycle processes. The study of Septin9, especially through its methylation status, has significant implications for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and detection across multiple cancer types, highlighting its potential as a valuable biomarker in oncology research.