Ak3, also known as adenylate kinase 3, is an enzyme with multiple functions. In the citric acid cycle, it is responsible for GTP/GDP recycling, using GTP to phosphorylate AMP [2]. In the ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia, AK3, one of its four arginine kinase genes, is likely located in the ciliary membrane and influences swimming velocity through the phosphoarginine shuttle system [3].

In hepatocellular carcinoma, METTL3, an m6A methyltransferase, directly modulates the stability of AK3 via m6A modification, affecting the proliferation and metastasis of the cancer [1]. In breast cancer, miR-96-5p negatively correlates with AK3 gene expression, and AK3 is positively associated with the overall survival of breast cancer patients. miR-96-5p promotes breast cancer cell migration through targeting AK3 and activating the MEK/ERK signaling pathway [4]. In Parkinson's disease, AK3 was identified as a biomarker through bioinformatics analysis, which may be associated with the disease and related functional pathways [5].

In conclusion, Ak3 is involved in crucial biological processes such as the citric acid cycle and ciliary function. In diseases, it plays significant roles in hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, and Parkinson's disease. Studies on Ak3 contribute to understanding disease mechanisms, potentially providing new directions for treatment strategies.