Naa10, also known as N-α-acetyltransferase 10, is an acetyltransferase that acetylates both N-terminal amino acid and internal lysine residues of proteins [1,4]. It is a crucial subunit of Nα-terminal protein acetyltransferase, playing a role in multiple biological processes, such as regulating cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, and autophagy [1]. It is involved in the N-terminal acetylation pathway, which is highly conserved in eukaryotes and impacts various cellular functions like protein-protein interaction, stability, function, and targeting [5].

In cancer, overexpression of Naa10 has been found in numerous types including liver, bone, lung, breast, colon, and prostate cancers, correlating with vascular invasion, metastasis, and affecting patients' overall survival rates and disease recurrence, thus showing promise as a cancer prognostic biomarker [1]. In Naa10-related syndrome, an X-linked condition, different Naa10 variants lead to a broad spectrum of phenotypes from severe in males with p.Ser37Pro (Ogden syndrome) to milder intellectual disability in both males and females [2]. Also, in non-small cell lung cancer, a lncRNA RGMB-AS1 can bind to Naa10, stimulating its acetyltransferase activity and promoting ferroptosis [3].

In conclusion, Naa10 is essential for multiple biological processes through its acetyltransferase functions. Its overexpression in various cancers and its role in Naa10-related syndrome and ferroptosis in non-small cell lung cancer highlight its significance in disease. Model-based research, especially in understanding its role in these disease areas, has provided valuable insights into its biological functions and potential as a biomarker or therapeutic target.