Stam2, or Signal Transducing Adapter Molecule 2, is a member of the STAM family. It is a phosphotyrosine protein that functions as a regulator of receptor signaling and trafficking, and is a subunit of the endosome-associated complex ESCRT-0. It is involved in multiple signaling pathways such as NF-κB, JAK2/STAT3, and is associated with processes like endocytic membrane trafficking, exocytosis, and autophagy [1,2,3].

In miiuy croaker, STAM2 negatively regulates the MyD88-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway. It enhances the degradation of MyD88, an upstream regulator of the NF-κB pathway, and inhibits this signaling pathway via targeting the MyD88 autophagy pathway. Also, it promotes the proliferation of Vibrio harveyi [1]. In gastric cancer cells, knockdown of STAM2 inhibits proliferation, blocks the cell cycle, and restrains migration and invasion capabilities by affecting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway [2].

In conclusion, Stam2 plays crucial roles in various biological processes and disease-related pathways. Its functions in negatively regulating NF-κB signaling in fish and promoting the malignant process in gastric cancer cells as revealed by functional studies provide insights into innate immunity and cancer-related mechanisms, respectively. The study of Stam2 helps understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of these biological events and may offer potential therapeutic targets.