Adar, short for adenosine deaminase RNA specific, is a gene encoding enzymes that convert adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). This A-I RNA editing is crucial for protein diversity, neuronal network sophistication, and is involved in pathways like immunity, RNA interference [1,3,4,5,6,7]. Genetic models, such as Drosophila, have been valuable in studying Adar's functions [4].

In mouse models, mutations in Adar1 lead to aberrant interferon expression in Aicardi Goutières syndrome, a congenital encephalopathy. Rescues of Adar1 mutant phenotypes by preventing signaling from antiviral RIG-I-like Sensors (RLRs) suggest Adar1's role in innate immune suppression [6]. In Drosophila, Adar mutants show locomotion defects and increased sleep pressure due to failure in homeostatic synaptic processes [6].

In conclusion, Adar is essential for RNA editing, which impacts various biological processes. Mouse and Drosophila models have revealed its significance in innate immunity, neural functions, and sleep regulation. Understanding Adar could potentially lead to new therapeutic strategies for related diseases [1,2,5,6,7,8].