Smarce1, also known as Brahma-related gene-1-associated factor 57 (BAF57), is a core subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. This complex is involved in establishing and maintaining chromatin accessibility and gene expression, playing a crucial role in various biological processes such as cell fate determination, differentiation, and proliferation [1,2,4].

In clear cell meningioma (CCM), loss of Smarce1 disrupts the stability of the canonical BAF (cBAF) complex on chromatin, reducing enhancer accessibility. The residual core module components then increase the formation of BRD9-containing non-canonical BAF (ncBAF) complexes. This change generates a CCM-specific gene expression signature, and Smarce1-deficient cells are highly sensitive to small-molecule inhibition of ncBAF complexes [1].

In neuroblastoma, high Smarce1 expression is linked to poor prognosis, especially in MYCN-amplified cases. Knockdown of Smarce1 reduces cell proliferation, colony formation, and tumorigenicity. Mechanistically, Smarce1 directly interacts with MYCN to activate downstream target genes [2].

In Coffin-Siris Syndrome, although rare, pathogenic variants in Smarce1 have been identified in some patients [3].

In in situ cancers like ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), Smarce1 is required for invasive progression by regulating secreted proteases that degrade the basement membrane [5].

In conclusion, Smarce1 is essential for normal cellular function through its role in the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. Model-based research, including gene knockout studies, has revealed its significance in multiple disease areas such as CCM, neuroblastoma, Coffin-Siris Syndrome, and in situ cancers. Understanding Smarce1's function provides potential therapeutic targets for these intractable diseases [1,2,3,5].