CACNA1H encodes the pore-forming alpha-1H subunit of the voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel CaV3.2. It is an important component in electrical and intracellular calcium oscillations, which are involved in regulating various biological processes. These oscillations govern aldosterone production in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex, playing a key role in electrolyte homeostasis and blood pressure regulation. Additionally, it may be related to calcium-dependent neuronal processes and cytoskeletal organization [1,3,4].

In mouse models, Cacna1h mutants exhibit tracheal stenosis, disorganized tracheal smooth muscle (SM) and compromised tracheal contraction. CACNA1H is essential for maintaining actin polymerization required for tracheal SM organization and tube formation, and this process may be partially mediated through RhoA activation. Analysis of human tracheal tissues also indicates its association with congenital tracheostenosis [3]. In a Dravet Syndrome mouse model, Cacna1h did not modify survival, but mice with reduced Cacna1h expression showed a mild increase in susceptibility to hyperthermia-induced seizures, suggesting limited evidence for its role as a monogenic cause of epilepsy in humans [2].

In conclusion, CACNA1H is crucial for processes such as aldosterone production, tracheal smooth muscle formation, and potentially neuronal function. Mouse models have been valuable in revealing its role in tracheal development and its limited connection to epilepsy. Understanding CACNA1H provides insights into diseases like primary aldosteronism and congenital tracheostenosis [1,2,3].