LPIN2, located on the short arm of chromosome 18, is involved in multiple biological processes. In Dictyostelium, it serves as the phosphatase dominating the penultimate step of neutral lipid biosynthesis [2]. In rodents, it is associated with axon regeneration as the RNA m6A demethylase ALKBH5 increases the stability of Lpin2 mRNA, influencing regenerative growth associated lipid metabolism in dorsal root ganglion neurons [6].

LPIN2 is highly relevant in human diseases. Biallelic variants in LPIN2 cause Majeed syndrome, a rare non-inflammasome autoinflammatory disease. Clinical manifestations often include chronic recurrent osteomyelitis, chronic anaemia, and sometimes neutrophilic dermatosis [1,3,5]. Functional studies on a patient with Majeed syndrome revealed that LPIN2 deficiency drives the differentiation of pro-inflammatory M2-like macrophages and enhances intrinsic osteoclastogenesis, differentiating Majeed syndrome from other IL-1-mediated autoinflammatory diseases [3]. Also, the rs3745012 SNP of LPIN2 gene is associated with type 2 diabetes and fat distribution [4]. In chickens, variants in LPIN2 are associated with various performance traits such as growth, carcass, meat quality traits, and serum biochemistry parameters [7].

In conclusion, LPIN2 is crucial for lipid metabolism, axon regeneration, and has significant implications in multiple disease conditions, especially Majeed syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and certain performance-related traits in chickens. Understanding LPIN2 through functional studies provides insights into the underlying biological mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for related diseases.